Sierra del Rosario: Cuba’s first biosphere reserve

The International Day for Biosphere Reserves has been celebrated on November 3rd since 2022, and was established by UNESCO in 2021. In Cuba, the first reserve of this type declared by UNESCO was the Sierra del Rosario, on February 15, 1985.

Within the reserve is the Ecological Research Station, dedicated to the constant monitoring of the ecosystem and everything related to ecological restoration, forestry development, environmental education, birdlife, local development, agrobiodiversity conservation, and various scientific projects. It also offers specialized ecotourism excursions.

The site also serves as the national center for biosphere reserves in Cuba, coordinating action among the country’s reserves and with other territories in the same ecological area or in different countries.

The results obtained are grouped into three main themes (ecological planning, reforestation, and biofertilizers), which UNESCO compiled into a monograph.

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The reserve exhibits a complex geological structure, with a great diversity of rocks that form different and unique soils. This, in part, determines the endemism of the flora in its landscape, represented mainly by four plant formations: evergreen forests, semi-deciduous forests, xeromorphic scrubland, and pine forests.

Among the plant species, visitors can find the small orchid Bletia purpurea, considered a symbol of the region, and among the birds, the Cuban trogon and the Cuban tody. Amphibians are also represented, notably the small frog Eleutherodactylus limbatus (yellow-striped dwarf frog), measuring only 9mm; and among the reptiles, the Vermiculite Anolis vermiculatus stands out.

In addition, activities are carried out with the children and young people of the Las Terrazas community: clubs on the environment, in which they talk about birds, hold educational talks, workshops, contests, and the much-anticipated celebration of World Environment Day, among others, thus raising the environmental education of inhabitants in order to achieve sustainable development in the region.

Where is the Sierra del Rosario located?

The Sierra del Rosario, located in the province of Pinar del Río, combines natural beauty, biodiversity and culture. This mountainous area is famous for its stunning landscapes, unique flora and fauna, and historical heritage.

With over 120,000 hectares of tropical forest, this region is home to an impressive variety of flora and fauna. Among the most notable species are the tocororo (Cuban trogan, the national bird) and the jicotea, a freshwater turtle.

The landscapes of the Sierra are equally breathtaking. The mountains covered in dense vegetation, the fertile valleys, and the rivers that meander through the landscape create a visually captivating environment. The famous Salto de Soroa, a 22-meter-high waterfall, is one of the most photographed spots in the region and an ideal place to enjoy a refreshing swim.

Local restaurants offer a welcoming atmosphere where visitors can enjoy traditional food while learning about Cuban culinary culture. One dish that stands out is ajiaco, a traditional soup that combines different types of meat and vegetables, perfect for cool mountain days.

An ideal destination for adventure

Also, an ideal destination for adventure and nature lovers. Here are some activities that visitors can enjoy:

Hiking: There are multiple hiking trails that allow you to explore the area’s flora and fauna. The trail to the Mirador de la Sierra viewpoint offers breathtaking panoramic views.

Birdwatching: The region is a paradise for birdwatchers, with more than 200 recorded species. Local guides offer specialized tours for those interested in spotting rare and endemic birds.

Mountain biking: Riding the Sierra trails is an exciting way to explore the landscape while getting some exercise. The routes vary in difficulty, making them accessible to cyclists of all levels.